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Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1434-2

摘要：

• Regional transportation contributed more than local emissions during haze episodes.

关键词： 2022 Winter Olympics     PM2.5     Source apportionment    

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Primary assessment of the diversity of Omicron sublineages and the epidemiologic features of autumn/winter2022 COVID-19 wave in Chinese mainland

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 758-767 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0981-7

摘要： With the recent ongoing autumn/winter 2022 COVID-19 wave and the adjustment of public health control measures, there have been widespread SARS-CoV-2 infections in Chinese mainland. Here we have analyzed 369 viral genomes from recently diagnosed COVID-19 patients in Shanghai, identifying a large number of sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron family. Phylogenetic analysis, coupled with contact history tracing, revealed simultaneous community transmission of two Omicron sublineages dominating the infections in some areas of China (BA.5.2 mainly in Guangzhou and Shanghai, and BF.7 mainly in Beijing) and two highly infectious sublineages recently imported from abroad (XBB and BQ.1). Publicly available data from August 31 to November 29, 2022 indicated an overall severe/critical case rate of 0.035% nationwide, while analysis of 5706 symptomatic patients treated at the Shanghai Public Health Center between September 1 and December 26, 2022 showed that 20 cases (0.35%) without comorbidities progressed into severe/critical conditions and 153 cases (2.68%) with COVID-19-exacerbated comorbidities progressed into severe/critical conditions. These observations shall alert healthcare providers to place more resources for the treatment of severe/critical cases. Furthermore, mathematical modeling predicts this autumn/winter wave might pass through major cities in China by the end of the year, whereas some middle and western provinces and rural areas would be hit by the upcoming infection wave in mid-to-late January 2023, and the duration and magnitude of upcoming outbreak could be dramatically enhanced by the extensive travels during the Spring Festival (January 21, 2023). Altogether, these preliminary data highlight the needs to allocate resources to early diagnosis and effective treatment of severe cases and the protection of vulnerable population, especially in the rural areas, to ensure the country’s smooth exit from the ongoing pandemic and accelerate socio-economic recovery.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     Omicron     genomic epidemiology    

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电动商用车系统工程技术体系及关键技术研究

孙逢春,何洪文

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第1期   页码 59-67 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.009

摘要： 最后，针对我国新能源汽车2020年500万辆级规模应用和2022年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会–25 ℃环境下的应用需求，探讨了电动商用车系统工程体系化升级的抓手，目标是真正实现纯电动商用车&ldquo

关键词： 电动商用车     充/换电站     运营监控     系统工程     冬季奥林匹克运动会    

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Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over Northern China: the impacts of heterogeneous

Meng Gao,Gregory R. Carmichael,Yuesi Wang,Dongsheng Ji,Zirui Liu,Zifa Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0878-2

摘要： Incorporating the missing heterogeneous oxidation of S(IV) by NO into the WRF-Chem model. Sulfate production is not sensitive to increase in SO emission. The newly added reaction reproduces sulfate concentrations well during winter haze. We implemented the online coupled WRF-Chem model to reproduce the 2013 January haze event in North China, and evaluated simulated meteorological and chemical fields using multiple observations. The comparisons suggest that temperature and relative humidity (RH) were simulated well (mean biases are -0.2K and 2.7%, respectively), but wind speeds were overestimated (mean bias is 0.5 m?s ). At the Beijing station, sulfur dioxide (SO ) concentrations were overpredicted and sulfate concentrations were largely underpredicted, which may result from uncertainties in SO emissions and missing heterogeneous oxidation in current model. We conducted three parallel experiments to examine the impacts of doubling SO emissions and incorporating heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO by nitrogen dioxide (NO ) on sulfate formation during winter haze. The results suggest that doubling SO emissions do not significantly affect sulfate concentrations, but adding heterogeneous oxidation of dissolved SO by NO substantially improve simulations of sulfate and other inorganic aerosols. Although the enhanced SO to sulfate conversion in the HetS (heterogeneous oxidation by NO ) case reduces SO concentrations, it is still largely overestimated by the model, indicating the overestimations of SO concentrations in the North China Plain (NCP) are mostly due to errors in SO emission inventory.

关键词： Sulfate aerosols     Winter haze     WRF-Chem     Northern China    

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International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: history, activities, impact and future

Alexey MORGOUNOV, Fatih OZDEMIR, Mesut KESER, Beyhan AKIN, Thomas PAYNE, Hans-Joachim BRAUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 240-250 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019261

摘要：

International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) was established in 1986 between the Government of Turkey and CIMMYT with three main objectives: (1) develop winter/facultative germplasm for Central and West Asia, (2) facilitate global winter wheat germplasm exchange, and (3) training wheat scientists. ICARDA joined the program in 1991 making it a three-way partnership that continues to work effectively. The germplasm developed by IWWIP as well as the winter wheat cultivars and lines received from global cooperators are assembled into international nurseries. These nurseries are offered annually to public and private entities (IWWIP website) and distributed to more than 100 cooperators in all continents. IWWIP impact has primarily been in new winter wheat cultivars combining broad adaptation, high yield potential, drought tolerance and disease resistance. A total of 93 IWWIP cultivars have been released in 11 countries occupying annually an estimated 2.5–3.0 Mha. IWWIP cooperation with researchers in Turkey, Central and West Asia and several US universities has resulted in a number of publications reviewed in this paper. Important IWWIP impacts include national inventories of wheat landraces in Turkey, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, their collection, characterization, evaluation and utilization.

关键词： biotic and abiotic stresses     breeding     methodology     winter wheat    

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Secondary aerosol formation in winter haze over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China

Dongjie Shang, Jianfei Peng, Song Guo, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1326-x

摘要： Abstract • Characteristics and interannual variation of aerosol pollution are illustrated. • Mechanisms of secondary aerosol formation in winter haze of North China are reviewed. • Directions in future studies of secondary aerosol formation are provided. Severe haze pollution occurs frequently in the winter over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region (China), exerting profound impacts on air quality, visibility, and human health. The Chinese Government has taken strict mitigation actions since 2013 and has achieved a significant reduction in the annual mean PM2.5 concentration over this region. However, the level of secondary aerosols during heavy haze episodes showed little decrease during this period. During heavy haze episodes, the concentrations of secondary aerosol components, including sulfate, nitrate and secondary organics, in aerosol particles increase sharply, acting as the main contributors to aerosol pollution. To achieve effective control of particle pollution in the BTH region, the precise and complete secondary aerosol formation mechanisms have been investigated, and advances have been made about the mechanisms of gas phase reaction, nucleation and heterogeneous reactions in forming secondary aerosols. This paper reviews the research progress in aerosol chemistry during haze pollution episodes in the BTH region, lays out the challenges in haze formation studies, and provides implications and directions for future research.

关键词： Secondary aerosol formation     Regional haze     Photochemical reaction     Aqueous reaction     Chemical mechanism    

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冬小麦产量的水肥耦合模型

翟丙年,李生秀

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第9期   页码 69-74

摘要：

采用五因素五水平二次通用旋转组合设计方案（1/2实施），在盆栽条件下，不同水分状况氮素对冬小麦产量的影响。通过建立回归模型及对其进行解析和寻优分析，得出如下结论：各试验因素对冬小麦籽粒产量影响的大小顺序为土壤含水量＞越冬期施氮＞拔节期施氮＞灌浆期施氮＞苗期施氮。施氮关键时期为越冬期、拔节期；苗期施氮和土壤含水量及越冬期施氮和土壤含水量交互效应显著，其中越冬期施氮和土壤含水量比苗期施氮和土壤含水量交互作用更为显著。

关键词： 冬小麦     氮素     土壤含水量     水肥耦合     数学模型    

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Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype

Yonggui XIAO,Jianjun LIU,Haosheng LI,Xinyou CAO,Xianchun XIA,Zhonghu HE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 168-178 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015061

摘要： Improved lodging resistance is important for achieving high yield in irrigated environments. This study was conducted to determine genotypic variation in lodging resistance and related morphological traits among winter wheat cultivars planted at two densities, and to identify key traits associated with lodging resistance. Lodging performance of 28 genotypes, including 24 released cultivars and four advanced lines, was evaluated at 250 plants per square meter and 500 plants per square meter in Shandong province during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 crop seasons. At the higher density, the average grain yield was 2.6% higher, even though lodging score rose by as much as 136%. The higher planting density increased lodging through increased leaf area index (LAI), plant height, center of gravity and length of basal internodes, and reduced grain weight per spike and diameter of the lower two stem internodes. LAI, center of gravity and diameter of first internodes, as the important indicators for lodging resistance, were significantly correlated with lodging score, with = 0.62, 0.59 and −0.52 ( <0.01), respectively. Plant pushing resistance was significantly associated with diameter and length of the first internodes ( = 0.71–0.77, <0.01), indicating it could be used to assess the strength of the lower stem. Higher planting density could be used to select genotypes with lodging resistance in irrigated environments. Cultivars carrying high plant density tolerance and high yield potential, such as Jimai 22 and Liangxing 66, were recommended as leading cultivars for production as well as elite crossing parents for further increasing yield potential in the Yellow and Huai Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China.

关键词： common wheat     yield potential     lodging performance     pushing resistance     leaf area index    

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Purification of ice structuring protein complexes from winter wheat using Triton X-114 phase partitioning

Huaneng XU, Haiying CHEN, Weining HUANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 383-385 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0249-7

摘要： Ice structuring proteins (ISPs) isolated from the cold-acclimated plants have a great potential in improving the quality of frozen foods. The purification of ISP complexes from winter wheat was achieved using an aqueous two-phase system of Triton X-114. The highly reactive phenols were removed, and the ISP complexes remained in the aqueous phase after phase separation. The ISP complexes treated by this procedure retained higher thermal hysteresis activity than those treated by ammonium sulfate method. The phase separation technique provides a simple and mild way for removing phenols from ISP complexes.

关键词： separation technique     thermal hysteresis     cold-acclimated     purification     X-114    

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Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 25-33 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016090

摘要： Reducing irrigation water use by improving water use efficiency (WUE) in grain production is critical for the development of sustainable agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). This article summarizes the research progresses in WUE improvement carried out at the Luancheng station located in the Northern part of NCP for the past three decades. Progresses in four aspects of yield and WUE improvement are presented, including yield and WUE improvement associated with cultivar selection, irrigation management for improving yield and WUE under limited water supply, managing root system for efficient soil water use and reducing soil evaporation by straw mulch. The results showed that annual average increase of 0.014 kg·m for winter wheat and 0.02 kg·m in WUE were observed for the past three decades, and this increase was largely associated with the improvement in harvest index related to cultivar renewal and an increase in chemical fertilizer use and soil fertility. The results also indicated that deficit irrigation for winter wheat could significantly reduce the irrigation water use, whereas the seasonal yield showed a smaller reduction rate and WUE was significantly improved. Straw mulching of summer maize using the straw from winter wheat could reduce seasonal soil evaporation by 30–40 mm. With new cultivars and improved management practices it was possible to further increase grain production without much increase in water use. Future strategies to further improve WUE are also discussed.

关键词： harvest index     cultivar selection     deficit irrigation     root water uptake     straw mulching    

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干旱和复水对冬小麦光合产物分配格局的影响

谷艳芳,丁圣彦,高志英,邢倩

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第3期   页码 59-64

摘要：

于2005—2006年在中国科学院封丘农田生态实验站研究了不同水分处理下冬小麦光合产物分配格局及其动态。实验设全生育期干旱处理和充分供水处理以及干旱后拔节期、孕穗期、开花期复水处理。结果显示：不同生育期复水对冬小麦由于干旱胁迫引起的生物量下降有补偿作用；干旱和复水能改变器官水平上光合产物的分配格局；干旱胁迫引起叶、穗分配降低，并使茎、叶鞘和根分配指数上升；拔节期复水使叶光合产物分配指数增加、茎分配指数下降；孕穗期和开花期复水能提高光合产物在茎和穗中的分配；不同时期复水对干旱胁迫引起的产量下降均有不同程度的补偿作用，拔节期复水主要提高小麦单株穗数、孕穗期和开花期复水以提高千粒重为主。

关键词： 光合产物     分配指数     可溶性糖     冬小麦     干旱和复水    

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冬油菜早熟品种生长发育特性研究

官春云,靳芙蓉,,董国云, 官梅,谭太龙

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第11期   页码 4-12

摘要：

研究选用19个冬油菜早熟品种和1个春油菜品种进行小区分期播种试验，探索南方冬油菜早熟品种的生长发育特性。结果表明，综合考虑播种期与单位面积产量，冬油菜早熟品种全生育期应控制在180 d左右；应选择春性、对光温反应较迟钝的早熟品种；播种期应安排在10月中下旬，这样既可防止早花，又可确保油菜在次年4月中下旬成熟；早熟品种的生育特性优于半冬性中熟品种，一般苗期约40 d，蕾苔期约70 d，开花期约40 d，成熟期约30 d；出苗-终花天数与出苗-成熟天数呈正相关(r≥0.90)。青海春油菜品种属春性、弱感光类型，可作冬油菜早熟品种应用，尤以苗期较长、蕾苔期与开花期较集中的品种为佳。

关键词： 冬油菜     早熟品种     生长发育特性    

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高寒地区混凝土井塔快速施工关键技术的研究

吴春杰,程正觉,国重宽,刘慧

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第11期   页码 72-80

摘要：

在西北高寒地区钢筋混凝土井塔施工中，通过对桩基范围人工冻土的快速解冻技术和高寒地区冬期井塔快速施工成套技术的研究应用，确保了工程质量，加快了井塔桩基和冬期井塔主体的施工速度，缩短了井塔施工工期，解决了高寒地区煤矿建设周期长的施工技术瓶颈问题。

关键词： 西北高寒地区     钢筋混凝土井塔     人工冻融土     快速解冻     冬期     井塔冬期快速施工成套技术    

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Distribution of phytoplankton community and its influence factors in an urban river network, East China

Ling Sun, Hui Wang, Yuanqing Kan, Shiliang Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1062-7

摘要：

Effects of urban river conditions on phytoplankton community were investigated.

Nitrate utilization and hydrodynamic condition affected phytoplankton distribution.

A winter bloom was induced by abundant ammonia, total phosphorus and organic matters.

The diatoms and euglenoids dominated in an urban beheaded river ecosystem.

关键词： Phytoplankton composition     Spatiotemporal distribution     Functional groups     Nitrate nitrogen     Winter bloom    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Local and regional contributions to PM in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during

期刊论文

Primary assessment of the diversity of Omicron sublineages and the epidemiologic features of autumn/winter2022 COVID-19 wave in Chinese mainland

期刊论文

电动商用车系统工程技术体系及关键技术研究

孙逢春,何洪文

期刊论文

Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over Northern China: the impacts of heterogeneous

Meng Gao,Gregory R. Carmichael,Yuesi Wang,Dongsheng Ji,Zirui Liu,Zifa Wang

期刊论文

International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: history, activities, impact and future

Alexey MORGOUNOV, Fatih OZDEMIR, Mesut KESER, Beyhan AKIN, Thomas PAYNE, Hans-Joachim BRAUN

期刊论文

Secondary aerosol formation in winter haze over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China

Dongjie Shang, Jianfei Peng, Song Guo, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu

期刊论文

冬小麦产量的水肥耦合模型

翟丙年,李生秀

期刊论文

Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype

Yonggui XIAO,Jianjun LIU,Haosheng LI,Xinyou CAO,Xianchun XIA,Zhonghu HE

期刊论文

Purification of ice structuring protein complexes from winter wheat using Triton X-114 phase partitioning

Huaneng XU, Haiying CHEN, Weining HUANG,

期刊论文

Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

期刊论文

干旱和复水对冬小麦光合产物分配格局的影响

谷艳芳,丁圣彦,高志英,邢倩

期刊论文

冬油菜早熟品种生长发育特性研究

官春云,靳芙蓉,,董国云, 官梅,谭太龙

期刊论文

任庆英、李兴钢：基于可持续性的建筑与结构设计——北京2022年冬奥会及冬残奥会延庆赛区场馆（2019年10月17日）

任庆英(高级职称)

2021年01月20日

会议视频

高寒地区混凝土井塔快速施工关键技术的研究

吴春杰,程正觉,国重宽,刘慧

期刊论文

Distribution of phytoplankton community and its influence factors in an urban river network, East China

Ling Sun, Hui Wang, Yuanqing Kan, Shiliang Wang

期刊论文